| 000 -LEADER |
|---|
| fixed length control field |
10237cam a2201897 a 4500 |
| 001 - CONTROL NUMBER |
|---|
| control field |
2282095 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
|---|
| control field |
CaMWISM |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
|---|
| control field |
20230608005141.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
|---|
| fixed length control field |
990317s1999 enka b 001 0 eng |
| 010 ## - LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CONTROL NUMBER |
|---|
| LC control number |
99185113 |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
|---|
| International Standard Book Number |
076196214X (pbk) |
| 022 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER |
|---|
| Source |
9780761962144 (pbk) |
| 035 ## - SYSTEM CONTROL NUMBER |
|---|
| System control number |
ocm40881933 |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
|---|
| Original cataloging agency |
DLC |
| Language of cataloging |
eng |
| Transcribing agency |
DLC |
| Modifying agency |
AEU |
| -- |
JCRC |
| 050 00 - LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CALL NUMBER |
|---|
| Classification number |
Q180.55.M4 |
| Item number |
K86 1999 |
| 100 1# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
|---|
| Personal name |
Kumar, Ranjit |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
|---|
| Title |
Research Methodology : |
| Remainder of title |
A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Ranjit Kumar. |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
|---|
| Place of publication, distribution, etc. |
London ; |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. |
Sage Publications, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
1999. |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| Extent |
276 p. : |
| Other physical details |
ill. ; |
| Dimensions |
25 cm. |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
|---|
| Bibliography, etc. note |
Includes bibliographical references (p. [269]-271) and index. |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
"Research Methodology will prove to be essential reading for undergraduates in many disciplines and for anyone new to research who is planning to undertake a research project for the first time. It is simple, assumes no prior knowledge and the theory is organised around the eight operational steps that constitute the research process. All the information required to carry out a step is provided at one place under important themes as shown below. |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Research Methodology:<br/> |
| Title |
is a practical book - the organisation is operational in nature, follows a logical progression and is directly related to the practicalities of research;<br/> |
| -- |
is easy to understand as difficult procedures are explained in a step-by-step manner;<br/> |
| -- |
contains several flow charts to summarise and effectively communicate information;<br/> |
| -- |
contains many examples to reinforce the book's practical application; and<br/> |
| -- |
has a set of exercises to accompany each operational step to reinforce the concepts and to help to develop a research proposal." (Book Cover) |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
TABLE OF CONTENTS: |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Preface |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Tables |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Figures |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
1 Research: a way of thinking |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Research: a way of thinking |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Applications of research |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Definitions of research |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Characteristics of research |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Types of research |
| Title |
Application<br/> |
| -- |
Objectives<br/> |
| -- |
Types of information sought<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Paradigms of research |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Summary |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
2 The research process: a quick glance |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The research process: an eight-step model |
| Title |
Step I: formulating a research problem<br/> |
| -- |
Step II: conceptualising a research design<br/> |
| -- |
Step III: constructing an instrument for data collection <br/> |
| -- |
Step IV: selecting a sample<br/> |
| -- |
Step V: writing a research proposal <br/> |
| -- |
Step VI: collecting data<br/> |
| -- |
Step VII: processing data<br/> |
| -- |
Step VIII: writing a research report<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Summary |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Step I Formulating a research problem |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
3 Reviewing the literature |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Reasons for reviewing the literature |
| Title |
Bring clarity and focus to your research problem<br/> |
| -- |
Improve your methodology<br/> |
| -- |
Broaden your knowledge base in your research area<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Procedure for reviewing the literature |
| Title |
Search for existing literature<br/> |
| -- |
Review the literature selected <br/> |
| -- |
Develop a theoretical framework<br/> |
| -- |
Develop a conceptual framework<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Writing up the literature reviewed |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Summary |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
4 Formulating a research problem |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The research problem |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The importance of formulating a research problem |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Sources of research problems |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Considerations in selecting a research problem |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Steps in the formulation of a research problem |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The formulation of objectives |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Establishing operational definitions |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Summary |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
5 Identifying variables |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The definition of a variable |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The difference between a concept and a variable |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Concepts, indicators and variables |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Types of variable |
| Title |
From the viewpoint of causation <br/> |
| -- |
From the viewpoint of the study design<br/> |
| -- |
From the viewpoint of the unit of measurement<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Types of measurement scales |
| Title |
The nominal or classificatory scale <br/> |
| -- |
The ordinal or ranking scale<br/> |
| -- |
The interval scale<br/> |
| -- |
The ratio scale<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Summary |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
6 Constructing hypothesis |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The definition of a hypothesis |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The functions of a hypothesis |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The characteristics of a hypothesis |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Types of hypothesis |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Errors in testing a hypothesis |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Summary |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
6 Constructing hypothesis |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The definition of a hypothesis |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The functions of a hypothesis |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The characteristics of a hypothesis |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Types of hypothesis |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Errors in testing a hypothesis |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Summary |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Step II Conceptualising a research design |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
7 The research design |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The definition of a research design |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The functions of a research design |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Summary |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
8 Selecting a study design |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The number of contacts |
| Title |
The cross-sectional study design<br/> |
| -- |
The before-and-after study design<br/> |
| -- |
The longitudinal study design<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The reference period |
| Title |
The retrospective study design<br/> |
| -- |
The prospective study design<br/> |
| -- |
The retrospective-prospective study design<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The nature of the investigation |
| Title |
The experimental study design<br/> |
| -- |
Some other commonly used designs<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Summary |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Step III Constructing an Instrument for data collection |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
9 Selecting a method of data collection |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Collecting data using primary sources |
| Title |
Observation <br/> |
| -- |
The interview<br/> |
| -- |
The questionnaire<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Collecting data using secondary sources |
| Title |
Problems with using data from secondary sources |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Summary |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
10 Collecting data using attitudinal scales |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Functions of attitudinal scales |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Difficulties in developing an attitudinal scale |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Types of attitudinal scale |
| Title |
The summated rating or Likert scale<br/> |
| -- |
The equal-appearing-interval or Thurstone scale<br/> |
| -- |
The cumulative or Guttman scale<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The relationship between attitudinal and measurement scales |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Summary |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
11 Establishing the validity and reliability of a research instrument |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The concept of validity |
| Title |
Types of validity<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The concept of reliability |
| Title |
Factors affecting the reliability of a research instrument<br/> |
| -- |
Methods of determining the reliability of an instrument<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Summary |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Step IV Selecting a sample |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
12 Sampling |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The concept of sampling |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Sampling terminology |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Principles of sampling |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Factors affecting the inferences drawn from a sample |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Aims in selecting a sample |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Types of sampling |
| Title |
Random/probability sampling designs<br/> |
| -- |
Non-random/probability sampling designs<br/> |
| -- |
The 'mixed' sampling design<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The calculation of sample size |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Summary |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Step V Writing a research proposal |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
13 Writing a research proposal |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The research proposal |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The preamble/introduction |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The problem |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The objectives of the study |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The hypotheses to be tested |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The study design |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The setting |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Measurement procedures |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Sampling |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Analysis of data |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Structure of the report |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Problems and limitations |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Work schedule |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Appendix |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Summary |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Step VI Collecting data |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
14 Considering ethical issues in data collection |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Ethics |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Stakeholders in research |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Ethical considerations concerning research participants |
| Title |
Collecting information<br/> |
| -- |
Seeking consent<br/> |
| -- |
Providing incentives<br/> |
| -- |
Seeking sensitive information <br/> |
| -- |
The possibility of causing harm to participants<br/> |
| -- |
Maintaining confidentiality<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Ethical issues relating to the researcher |
| Title |
Avoiding bias<br/> |
| -- |
Provision or deprivation of a treatment <br/> |
| -- |
Using appropriate research methodology<br/> |
| -- |
Correct reporting<br/> |
| -- |
Using information<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Ethical considerations regarding the sponsoring organisation |
| Title |
Restrictions imposed by the sponsoring organisation<br/> |
| -- |
The use of information<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Summary |
| -- |
Step VII Processing data<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
15 Processing |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Editing data |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Coding data |
| Title |
Developing a code book<br/> |
| -- |
Pre-testing a code book<br/> |
| -- |
Coding the data<br/> |
| -- |
Verifying of coded data<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Developing a frame of analysis |
| Title |
Frequency distributions<br/> |
| -- |
Cross tabulations <br/> |
| -- |
Constructing the main concepts<br/> |
| -- |
Statistical procedures<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Analysing data |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The role of computers in research |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
The role of statistics in research |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Summary |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
16 Displaying data |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Tables |
| Title |
Structure<br/> |
| -- |
Types of tables<br/> |
| -- |
Types of percentages<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Graphs |
| Title |
The histogram <br/> |
| -- |
The bar chart <br/> |
| -- |
The stacked bar chart<br/> |
| -- |
The 100 per cent bar chart<br/> |
| -- |
The frequency polygon<br/> |
| -- |
The cumulative frequency polygon<br/> |
| -- |
The stem-and-leaf display<br/> |
| -- |
The pie chart<br/> |
| -- |
The line diagram or trend curve<br/> |
| -- |
The area chart<br/> |
| -- |
The scattergram<br/> |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Summary |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Step VIII Writing a research report |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
17 Writing a research report |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Research writing in general |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Referencing |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Writing a bibliography |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Developing an outline |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Writing about a variable |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Summary |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Appendix |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
References |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
|---|
| Formatted contents note |
Index |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Research |
| General subdivision |
Methodology. |
| 856 ## - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
|---|
| Uniform Resource Identifier |
<a href="https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/research-methodology/book257990">https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/research-methodology/book257990</a> |
| Public note |
Publisher's Website (5th ed.). |
| 856 ## - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
|---|
| Uniform Resource Identifier |
<a href="https://ocul-uo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01OCUL_UO/gege1p/alma991010887439705161">https://ocul-uo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01OCUL_UO/gege1p/alma991010887439705161</a> |
| Public note |
Check the UO Library catalog. |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
|---|
| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
|
| Koha item type |
Livres |
