Available in print and electronic formats.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

''The Routledge Encyclopedia of Language Teaching and Learning is an authoritative reference dealing with all aspects of this increasingly important field of study. Offering a comprehensive range of articles on contemporary language teaching and its history, it has been produced specifically for language teaching professionals and as a reference work for academic studies at post graduate level.

In this new edition, every single entry has been reviewed and updated with reference to new developments and publications. Coverage has been expanded to reflect new technological, global, and academic developments, with particular attention to areas such as online and distance learning, teacher and learner cognition, testing, assessment and evaluation, global English and teacher education.

Themes and disciplines covered include: Methods and materials, including new technologies and material developments Contexts and concepts, such as mediation, risk-taking in language learning and comprehension Influential figures from the early days of language teaching to the contemporary Related disciplines, such as psychology, anthropology and corpus linguistic. It covers the teaching of specific languages, including Japanese, Chinese, Arabic and African languages, as well as English, French, German, and Spanish.

There are 35 overview articles dealing with issues such as communicative language teaching, early language learning, teacher education and syllabus and curriculum design. A further 160 entries focus on topics such as bilingualism, language laboratories and study abroad.

Numerous shorter items examine language and cultural institutions, professional associations and acronyms. Multiple cross-references enable the user to browse from one entry to another, and there are suggestions for further reading.

Written by an international team of specialists, the Routledge Encyclopedia of Language Teaching and Learning is an invaluable resource and reference manual for anyone with a professional or academic interest in the subject.'' (Book Cover)

CONTENTS:

List of illustrations

Editorial board

List of contributors

List of entries

Thematic list of entries

Introduction to the 2 edition

Introduction to the 1 edition

Acknowledgements

Entries A-Z

Acculturation

Achievement tests

Acquisition and teaching

Action research

Adult language learning

Adult learners

African languages

Age factors

AILA

ALA - Association for Language Awareness

Alliance française

Alternation hypothesis

American Army Method

Anthropology

Applied linguistics

Aptitude for language learning

Aptitude tests

Arabic

Area studies

Assessment and testing

Attitudes and language learning

Audiolingual method

Audio-visual language teaching

Authenticity

Autonomy and autonomous learners

Beginner language learners

Behaviourism

Beliefs about other countries

BICS and CALP

Bilingual education

Bilingual method

Bilingualism

Bloomfiel, Leonhard

Braille

British Council

CAL- Center for Applied Linguistics

CALL - Computer Assisted Language Learning

Camoes Institute

Cercle S - Confédération Européenne des Centres de Langues dans l'Enseignement Supérieur

Cervantes Institute

Chinese

Chomsky, Noam

CIEP - Centre International d'Études Pédagogiques

CILT - Centre for Information of Language Teaching Research

Civilisation

Classroom language

Classroom observation schemes

Classroom research

Cloze test

Cognitive code theory

Cognitive linguistics

Comenius, Johannes Amos

Common European Framework of Reference

Communication strategies

Communicative language teaching

Community language learning

Competence and performance

Confucius Institute

Content and language integrated learning

Content-based instruction

Contrastive analysis

Conversation analysis

Corpus linguistics and language teaching

Coste, Daniel

Council of European Modern Language Projects

Council of European Platform for Plurilingual and Intercultural Education

CRAPEL - Centre de Recherches et d'Applications Pédagogiques en Langues

CRÉDIF - Centre de Recherche et d'Étude pour la Diffusion du Français Créoles

Créoles

Cross-cultural psychology

Cross-linguistic analyses

Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses

C-test

Cultural awareness

Cultural studies

Cultural shock

DADD - Deutscher Akademischer Austanschdienst

Developmental sequence

Diagnostic tests

DIALANG

Dictation

Dictionaries

Didactique des langues

Direct method

Direct/ Indirect testing

Discourse analysis

Discrete point tests

Disorders of language

Distance learning

Drama

Early language learning in formal education

Emotions and language learning

English

English for specific purposes

Error analysis

Esperanto

European Centre for Modern Languages (ECML)

European Language Council

European Language Portfolio

Evaluation

Exchanges

Exercises types and grading

FIPLV - Fédération internationale des Professeurs de Langues Vivantes

Foreigner Talk

Fossilisation

Français fondamental

Fremdsprachendidaktik

Fremdverstehen

French

Gender in language

Gender in language learning

Generative principle

Genre and genre-based teaching

German

Global education

Goethe-Institut

Gouin, François

Graded objectives

Grammar

Grammar-translation method

Group work

Halliday, Michael Alexander Kirkwood

Handlungsorientierter Unterricht (Holistic and action-oriented learning and teaching)

Hawkins, Eric William

Higher education

History: the nineteenth century

History: from the Reform Movement to 1945

History: after 1945

Hornby, Albert Sidney

Human rights

Humanistic language teaching

Humboldt, Wilhelm von

IATEFL - International Assocation of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language

Idioms

IDV - Internationaler Deutschlehrerverband

Integrated tests

Integrative tests

Intensive language courses

Intercomprehension

Intercultural communication

Intercultural training / Cross-cultural training

Interkulturelle Didaktik (Intercultural Didactics)

Interlanguage

Internationalisation

Internet and language learning

Interpreting

IPA - International Phonetic Association

IVN - Internationale Vereneging Voor Neerlandistiek

Japan Foundation

Japanese

Jesperson, Otto

Journals

Kramsch

Claire

Krumm, Hans-Jürgen

Landeskunde/Kulturkunde

Language across the curriculum

Language awareness

Language laboratories

Language planning and policy

Languages for Specific Purposes

Langue and parole

Large classes

Learner narratives

Learning styles

Learning to Learn

Lexicography and lexicology

Lingua franca

Linguapax

Linguistic imperialism

Linguistics

Linguistique appliquée

Listening

Literary texts

Literary texts and intercultural understanding

Literary theory and literature teaching

Lozanov, Georgi

MAPRYaL

Materials development Mediation

Medium of instruction

Medium-oriented and message-oriented communication

Mental lexicon

Migrant and heritage languages

MLAT - Modem Language Aptitude Test

Monitor model

Monolingual principle Mother tongue

Mother-tongue teaching

Mother tongue use in the foreign language classroom

Motivation

Motivation theories

Nationalism

Native speaker

Needs analysis

Neuro-linguistic Programming

Neurolinguistics

Non-native speaker teacher

Non-verbal communication

Notions and functions

Objectives in language learning and teaching

Palmer, Harold Edward

Pedagogical grammar

Pidgins

Placement tests

Planned languages

Planning for foreign language teaching

Plurilingualism

Poetry

Politeness

Portuguese

Pragmatics

Primary Education

Proficiency Movement

Proficiency tests

Progress tests

Pronunciation teaching

Psychodramaturgy for language acquisition

Psychology

Pushkin Russian Language Institute

Quality management

Questioning Techniques

Reading

Reading methods

Reference works

Reform Movement

Reliability

Research methods

Risk-taking and foreign language learning

Rivers, Wilga Marie

Russian

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Saussure, Ferdinand de

Schema and script theory

SEAMEO RELC - The SEAMEO Regional Language Center

Second language acquisition theories

Secondary education

Self-access

Sign languages

Silent Way

Skills and knowledge in language learning

Sociolinguistic competence

Sociolinguistics

Spanish

Speaking

Speech act theory

Sprachlehrforschung

Standard language

Stereotypes

Stern, Hans Heinrich (David)

Strategic competence

Strategies of language learning

Structural linguistics

Study abroad

Successful language learners

Suggestopedia

Sweet, Henry

Syllabus and curriculum design

Tandem learning

Task-based teaching and assessment

Teacher education

Teacher talk

Teacher thinking

Teaching methods

Technologies for language learning

TESOL - Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

Text and corpus linguistics

Text types and grading

Textbooks

Third language learning

Threshold Level

Total Physical Response

Transfer

Translation

Translation in language teaching

Translation theory

Trim, John Leslie Melville

Turkish

Universal grammar (UG)

Untutored language acquisition

US Standards for Foreign Language Learning

Validity

van Ek, Jan Ate

Vantage Level

Variation in language

Viëtor, Wilhelm

Vocabulary

Vocational education and training

Waystage

Widdowson, Henry George

Writing

Index