Includes bibliographical references, appendices, and name and subject index.

Introduction

Foundations for Using the Literacy Profile and Handbook

BACKGROUND OF THE PROFILE AND HANDBOOK -- Key Concepts Related to Assessment -- Key Concepts Related to Instruction

STRUCTURE AND USE OF THE PROFILE -- Strands of the Profile -- Getting Started: Cautions, Caveats, and Tips

References

CHAPTER 1: PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS AND ORAL LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS AND ORAL LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT -- The Role of Phonological Awareness in Oral Language Development -- The Role of Pragmatics in Oral Language Development -- The Role of Syntax in Oral Language Development -- The Importance of Vocabulary in Oral Language and Literacy Development -- Summary of Underlying Principles of Phonological Awareness and Oral Language Development

ASSESSING PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS AND ORAL LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT -- Formal or Published Measures for Assessing Phonological Awareness and Oral Language Development -- Informal Measures for Assessing Phonological Awareness and Oral Language Development -- Summary of procedures for Assessing Phonological Awareness and Oral Language Development

INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES FOR TEACHING PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS AND ORAL LANGUAGE SKILLS -- Instructional Approaches for Building Phonological Awareness and Skills and Oral Language Skills in All Students -- Instructional Approaches for Building Phonological Awareness Skills and Oral Language Skills for Students with Specific Needs

References

CHAPTER 2: CONCEPTS OF PRINT, LETTER IDENTIFICATION, AND TEXT FEATURES

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF PRINT CONCEPTS, LETTER IDENTIFICATION, AND TEXT FEATURES -- Understanding Concepts of Print -- Identifying and Naming Letters -- Knowledge of Text Features -- Summary of Print Concepts, Letter Identification, and Text Features

ASSESSING CONCEPTS OF PRINT, LETTER RECOGNITION, AND AWARENESS OF TEXT FEATURES -- Formal or Published Assessment Tools for Evaluating Concepts of Print and Letter Recognition -- Informal Assessment Tools for Assessing Concepts of Print, Letter Identification, and Awareness of Text Features -- Summary of Assessing Concepts of Print, Letter Identification, and Awareness of Text Features

INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES FOR TEACHING PRINT CONCEPTS, LETTER IDENTIFICATION, AND TEXT FEATURES -- Approaches for Building Print Concepts, Letter Identification, and Awareness of Text Features in All Students -- Approaches for Building Print Concepts, Letter Identification, and Knowledge of Text Features for Students with Specific Needs

LOOKING CLOSELY AT ONE CHILD'S ASSESSMENTS FROM STRAND 2 OF THE LITERACY PROFILE -- Assessment Results of Concepts of Print, Letter Identification, and Knowledge about Text Features -- Overall Evaluation of Willa's Concepts of Print, Letter Recognition, and Knowledge About Text Features

References

CHAPTER 3: DECODING AND WORD RECOGNITION

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF DECODING AND WORD RECOGNITION -- Understanding the Nature of Decoding and Word Recognition -- Understanding Key Principles of Decoding and Word Recognition -- Summary of Understanding the Nature of Word Recognition and Phonics

ASSESSING DECODING AND WORD RECOGNITION -- Formal or Published Measures for Assessing Word Recognition and Phonics -- Informal measures of Assessing Word Recognition and Phonics -- Summary of Assessing Decoding and Word Recognition

INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES FOR DECODING AND WORD RECOGNITION -- Instructional Approaches for Supporting Decoding and Word Recognition in All Students -- Instructional Approaches for Supporting Decoding and Word Recognition for Students with Specific Needs -- Summary of Instructional Approaches for Supporting Decoding and Word Recognition

LOOKING CLOSELY AT ONE CHILD`S ASSESSMENTS FROM STRAND 3 OF THE LITERACY PROFILE

References

CHAPTER 4: READING STRATEGIES AND DISPOSITIONS

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF READING STRATEGIES AND DISPOSITIONS -- Early Reading Processing Strategies -- Comprehension Strategies -- Reading Dispositions -- Summary of Reading Strategies and Dispositions

ASSESSING READING STRATEGIES AND DISPOSITIONS -- Formal or Published Measures for Assessing Reading Strategies and Reading Dispositions -- Informal Measures for Assessing Reading Strategies and Reading Dispositions -- Summary of Assessing Reading Strategies and Dispositions

INSTRUCTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR READING STRATEGIES AND DISPOSITIONS -- Instructional Approaches for Building Reading Strategies and Dispositions in All Students -- Instructional Approaches for Building Reading Strategies and Dispositions for Students with Specific Needs

LOOKING CLOSELY AT ONE CHILD`S ASSESSMENT FROM STRAND 4 OF THE LITERACY PROFILE -- Results of Reading Strategy and Dispositions Assessments -- Overall Evaluation of Willa's Reading Strategies and Dispositions

References

CHAPTER 5: READING ACCURACY AND FLUENCY AT INCREASING TEXT LEVELS

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF READING ACCURACY AND FLUENCY AT INCREASING TEXT LEVELS -- Understanding Text Levels -- Understanding Oral Reading Accuracy -- Understanding Reading Fluency -- Summary of Accuracy and Rate of Reading at Increasing Text Levels

ASSESSING READER ACCURACY AND FLUENCY -- Formal or Published Assessment Tools for Accuracy and Fluency -- Informal Measures for Assessing Oral Reading Accuracy and Fluency -- Summary of Assessing Oral Reading Accuracy and Fluency

INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES FOR BUILDING ACCURACY AND FLUENCY AT INCREASING TEXT LEVELS -- Instructional Approaches for Building Accuracy and Fluency at Increasing Text Levels for All Students -- Instructional Approaches for Building Accuracy and Fluency for Students with Specific Needs -- Summary of Instructional Approaches for Reading Accuracy and Fluency

LOOKING CLOSELY AT ONE CHILD'S ASSESSMENTS FROM STRAND 5 OF THE LITERACY PROFILE -- Assessment Results Regarding Reading Accuracy and Fluency -- Summary of Willa's Development in Reading Accuracy and Fluency

References

CHAPTER 6: COMPREHENSION AND READING RESPONSE

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF COMPREHENSION AND READING RESPONSE -- Understanding Comprehension Strategies -- Understanding Background Knowledge -- Understanding Knowledge About Text -- Understanding Motivation and Engagement -- Understanding Other Related factors That Impact Comprehension -- Summary of Underlying Principles of Comprehension and Reading Response

ASSESSING COMPREHENSION AND READING RESPONSE -- Formal or Published Measures for Assessing Comprehension and Reader Response -- Informal Measures for Assessing Comprehension -- Summary of Assessing Reading Comprehension and Reading Response

INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES FOR BUILDING READING COMPREHENSION AND READING RESPONSE -- Instructional Approaches for Building Comprehension and Reading Response for All Students -- Instructional Approaches for Building Comprehension and Reading Response for Students with Specific Needs -- Summary of Instructional Approaches for Reading Comprehension and Reading Response

LOOKING CLOSELY AT ONE CHILD'S ASSESSMENTS FROM STRAND 6 OF THE LITERACY PROFILE

References

CHAPTER 7: WRITING STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND DISPOSiTIONS

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF WRITING STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND DISPOSITIONS -- Writing Dispositions -- Writing as a Strategic Process -- Summary of Writing Process and Engagement

ASSESSING DEVELOPMENT OF WRITING STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND DISPOSITIONS -- Formal or Published Measures for Assessing Writing Strategies, Processes, and Dispositions -- Informal Measures for Assessing Writing Strategies, Processes, and Dispositions -- Summary of Assessment Tools for the Development of Writing Strategies, Processes, and Dispositions

INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES FOR TEACHING WRITING STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND DISPOSITIONS -- Instructional Approaches for Building Writing Strategies, Processes, and Dispositions for All Students -- Instructional Approaches for Building Writing Strategies, Processes, and Dispositions for Students with Specific Needs

LOOKING CLOSELY AT ONE CHILD'S ASSESSMENTS FROM STRAND 7 OF THE LITERACY PROFILE

References

CHAPTER 8: WRITING EFFECTIVENESS

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF WRITING EFFECTIVENESS -- Writing Effectiveness Through Purpose, Organization, Details, and Voice/one -- Summary of Underlying Principles of Writing Effectiveness

ASSESSING WRITING EFFECTIVENESS -- Formal or Published Measures for Assessing Writing Effectiveness -- Informal Measures for Assessing Writing Effectiveness -- Summary of Assessing Writing Effectiveness

INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES FOR ASSESSING WRITING EFFECTIVENESS -- Instructional Approaches for Writing Effectiveness in All Students -- Instructional Approaches for Writing Effectiveness in Students with Specific Needs

LOOKING CLOSELY AT ONE CHILD'S ASSESSMENTS FROM STRAND 8 OF THE LITERACY PROFILE

References

CHAPTER 9: SPELLING

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF SPELLING -- Understanding the Nature of Spelling -- Understanding Stages of Spelling Development -- Summary of Understanding Spelling

ASSESSING SPELLING -- Formal or Published Measures for Assessing Spelling -- Informal Measures for Assessing Spelling -- Summary of Assessing Spelling

INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES FOR SPELLING -- Instructional Approaches for Supporting Spelling Development in All Students -- Instructional Approaches for Supporting Spelling Development in Student with Specific Needs -- Summary of Instructional Approaches for Spelling

LOOKING CLOSELY AT ONE CHILD'S ASSESSMENTS FROM STRAND 9 OF THE LITERACY PROFILE

References

CHAPTER 10: WRITING CONVENTIONS AND HANDWRITING

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF WRITING CONVENTIONS, INCLUDING HANDWRITING -- Understanding How Grammar Impacts Writing Development -- Understanding how Language Usage Impacts Writing Development -- Understanding How the Mechanics of Writing Impacts Writing Development -- Understanding How Handwriting Development and Writing Development Interact -- Summary of Underlying Principles of Writing Conventions, Including Handwriting

ASSESSING WRITING CONVENTIONS, INCLUDING HANDWRITING -- Formal or Published Measures for Assessing Writing Conventions -- Informal Measures for Assessing Writing Conventions, Including Handwriting -- Summary of Assessing Writing Conventions, Including Handwriting

INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES FOR WRITING CONVENTIONS INCLUDING HANDWRITING -- Instructional Approaches for Writing Conventions, Including Handwriting, for All Students -- Instructional Approaches for Writing Conventions, Including Handwriting, for Students with Specific Needs

LOOKING CLOSELY AT ONE CHILD'S ASSESSMENTS FROM STRAND 10 OF THE LITERACY PROFILE

References

CONCLUSION

Thinking Ahead

MORE TO KEEP IN MIND -- Teachers as Learners -- Flexibility -- Building on Students Strengths -- Planning -- Communicating with Others

QUESTIONS, QUESTIONS, QUESTIONS

A Few Final Words

APPENDIX A RESOURCES FOR ASSESSMENT AND INSTRUCTION -- Appendix A-1 Yopp-Singer Test of Phoneme Segmentation — Appendix A-2 Formative Assessment for Phonological Awareness (FAPA) — Appendix A-3 Self-Assessment for Oral Presentations — Appendix A-4 Concepts of Print Checklist — Appendix A-5 Untimed Letter-Naming Test — Appendix A-6 Decoding Application Scale — Appendix A-7 Answer Key for Figure 4.5 — Appendix A-8 Reading Strategies Self-Assessment: Early Processing Strategies — Appendix A-9 Reading Strategies Self-Assessment: Comprehension Strategies — Appendix A-10 Reading Strategies and Dispositions Interview — Appendix A-11 Book Log — Appendix A-12 Individual Student Conference Form — Appendix A-13 Reading Strategies Bookmark — Appendix A-14 Text Structures and Signal Words — Appendix A-15 My Turn, Your Turn Bookmarks — Appendix A-16 Three-Way Fluency Rubric and "Keeping Track" Chart — Appendix A-17 Quick, Text-Level Check-In — Appendix A-18 Sample Checklist: Comprehension of Informational Text — Appendix A-19 Checklist for Self-Assessment: My Summary of Informational Text — Appendix A-20 QeEEC: A Tool for Self-Monitoring Our Answers to Text-Based Questions — Appendix A-21 Writing Interview — Appendix A-22 Self-Assessment for Writing Process and Strategies — Appendix A-23 Checklist for Writing Process — Appendix A-24 Analytic Writing Assessment Guide for Primary Grades — Appendix A-25 Teacher/Student Portfolio Slips — Appendix A-26 What We Noticed About My Writing - Together — Appendix A-27 Mini-Lesson Template — Appendix A-28 Spelling Application Grid: Reviewing Spelling in Independent Writing — Appendix A-29 Spelling Conference form — Appendix A-30 "I Am Learning/I Can" Sheet — Appendix A-31 Differentiation in Action: Instructional Focus Planning Sheet

Appendix B FORMAL OR PUBLISHED ASSESSMENTS AND THEIR AREAS OF FOCUS

Name Index

Subject Index

"Designed to serve teachers as a classroom handbook, Literacy Profiles: A Framework to Guide Assessment, Instructional Strategies and Interventions, K-4 serves as a practical tool to help you identify and evaluate the literacy strengths and weaknesses of each student in your classroom. The framework for the literacy profiles identifies ten critical areas of literacy learning and allows teachers to record the incremental steps individual students make as they become competent and confident readers and writers. Chapter content provides guidance for sharpening your instructional skills and scaffolding instruction based on both summative and formative assessment data. Literacy Profiles provides a valuable progress monitoring tool to tailor literacy learning to individual needs based on purposeful and appropriate assessment information. What will you find valuable in Literacy Profiles? A comprehensive framework that outlines ten strands pf literacy development and incremental learning goals for children in grades K-4 Assessment tools that measure not only what students can do but what can they "almost do" to better link assessment with instruction Teaching and learning guidance tied to Cambourne's conditions of learning and social/interactive engagement based on Vgotsky's zone of proximal development Artifacts and assessment data collected from Willa, an actual second grade student, which offer authentic methodology for using he literacy profile with children". (Book Cover)