Vol. 117 in the Bilingual education & bilingualism series.

Also available as an ebook.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

"This book constructs a historical narrative to examine the social consequences of testing faced by language-minoritized bilinguals in the United States. These consequences are understood with respect to what language-minoritized bilinguals faced when they have sought (1) access to civic participation (2) entry into the United States, (3) education in K-12 Schools, and (4) higher education opportunities. By centering the test-taker perspective with a use-oriented testing approach, the historical narrative describes the cumulative nature of these consequences for this community of individuals, which demonstrates how the mechanism of testing – often in conjunction with other structural and political forces – has contributed to the historic, systemic marginalization of language-minoritized bilinguals in the United States. By viewing these experiences with respect to consequential validity, the book poses questions to those involved in testing to not only acknowledge these histories, but to actively and explicitly incorporate efforts to dismantle these legacies of discrimination. The conclusions drawn from the historical analysis add an important perspective for educators and researchers concerned with inequities in the testing of language-minoritized bilinguals." (Book Cover)

CONTENTS:

Introduction
Language-minoritized Bilingual Test-takers in the United States
Tests and Assessments
Brief Histories of Testing
Overview of the Book

1. Conceptualizing a Historical Narrative of Social Consequences
Conceptualizing Histories of Discrimination
Validity and Language-minoritized Bilinguals
The Task That Follows

Part I: Immigration Policy in the United States
Pre-Civil War Period
Post-Civil War Period
World War I era
World War II and the Beginning of the Cold War
Civil Rights Discussions
Immigration During the Civil Rights Movement and Vietnam War
Amnesty
The 'War on Terror'
Summary

2. Seeking Access to Civic Participation
Literacy Testing
Naturalization and Citizenship
Testing in the Military
Discussion

3. Seeking Entry into the United States: A Focus on Ellis Island and Angel Island Ports of Entry
Ellis Island
Angel Island
Discussion

Part 2: Educational Trends
Early Court Cases About Language Education
Legislation on Bilingual Education
Bilingual Education and Segregation
Federal Policy Shifts with NCLB and ESSA
Summary

4. Seeking Education in K-12 Schools
Intelligence Testing
Standardized Testing of Content and English Proficiency
Discussion

5. Seeking Higher Education
College Admission Testing
English Proficiency Testing
Discussion

Concluding Thoughts
Language-minoritized Bilinguals as Intersectional Individuals
Language-minoritized Bilinguals and Histories of Discrimination
Thoughts Moving Forward

References

Index