Includes bibliographical references and index.

CONTENTS

Unit One: An approach to academic writing Audience -- Purpose and Strategy -- Organization -- Style -- Language Focus: The Vocabulary Shift -- Language Focus: Formal Grammar Style -- Flow -- Language Focus: Linking Words and Phrases -- Language Focus: this + Summary Word -- Presentation -- Positioning

Unit Two: Writing General-Specific Texts General Statements -- Definitions -- Language Focus: The Language of Defining and Naming -- Formal Sentence Definitions -- Language Focus: The Grammar of Definitions -- Extended Definitions -- Competing Definitions -- Contrastive Definitions -- Comparative Definitions

Unit Three: Problem, Process, and Solution The Structure of Problem-Solution Texts -- Language Focus: Midposition Adverbs -- Procedures and Processes -- Language Focus: Verbs and Agents in the Solution -- Language Focus: -ing Clauses of Result -- Language Focus: Indirect Questions

Unit Four: Data Commentary Strength of Claim -- Structure of Data Commentary -- Language Focus: Verbs in Indicative and Informative Summaries -- Language Focus: Linking as-Clauses -- Language Focus: Qualifications and Strength of Claim -- Language Focus: Qualifying Comparisons -- Language Focus: Dealing with "Problems" -- Language Focus: Referring to Lines on Graphs -- Language Focus: Prepositions of Time

Unit Five: Writing Summaries Writing an Assignment Summary -- Language Focus: Identifying the Source in a Summary -- Language Focus: Nominal that- Clauses -- Language Focus: Summary Reminder Phrases -- Some Notes on Plagiarism -- Comparative Summaries -- Language Focus: Showing Similarities and Differences

Unit Six: Writing Critiques Book Reviews -- Language Focus: Evaluative Language -- Evaluating an Article -- Language Focus: Unreal Conditionals -- Language Focus: Evaluative Language Revisited -- Critical Reading -- Language Focus: Beginning the Critique -- Language Focus: Inversions (emphatic sentences) -- Language Focus: Special Verb Agreements -- Reaction Papers -- Language Focus: Scare Quotes -- A Few Thoughts on Manuscript Reviews

Unit Seven: Constructing a Research Paper I Types of Serial Research Publication -- Short Communications (SCs) -- Longer Research Papers -- Methods -- Language Focus: Linking Phrases in Extended Methods -- Language Focus: Hyphens in Noun Phrases in Condensed Methods -- Results

Unit Eight: Constructing a Research Paper II Introduction Sections -- Creating a Research Space -- Language Focus: Claiming Centrality -- Reviewing the Literature -- Language Focus: Citation and Tense -- Move 2 - Establishing a Niche -- Language Focus: Negative Openings in Move 2 -- Occupying the Niche -- Language Focus: Tense and Purpose Statements -- Completing an Introduction -- Discussion Sections -- Language Focus: Levels of Generalization -- Language Focus: Expressions of Limitation -- Cycles of Moves -- Unfinished Business

Appendixes Appendix One: Articles in Academic Writing -- Appendix Two: Academic English and Latin Phrases -- Appendix Three: E-Mail -- Appendix Four: Writing Up a Small Research Project

"The second edition of this successful guide to writing for graduate - and undergraduate - students has been modified to include updates and replacements of older data sets; an increased range of disciplines with tasks such as nursing, marketing, and art history; discussions of discourse analysis; and a broader discussion of e-mail use that includes current e-mail practices. Like its predecessor, this edition of Academic Writing for Graduate Students explains understanding the intended audience, the purpose of the paper, and academic genres, includes the use of task-based methodology, analytic group discussion, and genre consciousness-raising; shows how to write summaries and critiques, features "language focus" sections that address linguistic elements as they affect the wider rhetorical objectives, and helps students position themselves as junior scholars in their academic communities. The Commentary has also been revised and is available." (Book Cover)